Probably not, but he is the one remembered in history. But even after the war ended, Nast continued to use Santa Claus to make certain pointed political statements. Before the CocaCola Santa was even created, St Nick had appeared in numerous illustrations and written descriptions wearing a scarlet coat. The final piece of the puzzle was with the help of Coca-Cola. The city of Port now called Saint-Nicolas-de-Port and renowned for its fairs and markets extended Saint Nicholass worship well beyond the Duchy, to Germany, Belgium, Poland and the Netherlands, where he became known as Sinterklaas. In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. Thomas Nast attended school in New York City. In exchange, Sinterklaas promises to visit them every year on his airborne sleigh and slip down the chimneys of this newly founded city to deliver gifts to the children. For many of us, the bearded present-giver in the red suit remains a time-honored part of the holiday season, long after were stopped believing hell have a present for us. A December 1930 ad by artist Fred Mizen showed a department store Santa in a crowd drinking a bottle of Coke. He gained weight, grew a beard, wore fur and kept his peddlers bag on his shoulder: a right jolly old elf. Nast immortalized this transformation in his best portraits, sometimes depicting his own children and his Morristown family home in New Jersey. The poem describes the Christmas Eve antics of St. Nicholas, the beloved fourth-century patron saint of children. Nast didn't invent fat Santa out of whole cloth, though, and may have modeled his depiction after the titular character of "A Visit from St. Nicholas" ("Twas the Night Before Christmas . The appearance of today's Santa Claus was set. Saint Nicholas was popular in his lifetime, and had the reputation of being a miracle maker. The Fourteenth Amendment, granting black men the right to vote, was ratified in July 1868. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In 1856, he started working as a draftsman for Frank Leslies Illustrated Newspaper. Publishing regularly in Harper's. "He was a kind bishop who lived in Asia Minor in AD 300. The story of Santa Claus stems from a real man who started out as a monk and became the patron saint of children. Nasts Santa appeared as a kindly figure representing Christmas, the holiday celebrating the birth of Christ. Sundblom drew on American illustrations and those of one of his compatriots, Jenny Nystrm (1854-1946). Thomas Nast did not invent the American Christmas, but the German immigrant did develop the iconic image of its central celebratory figure, Santa Claus. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. Please note: Register or in Art History from Drew University, where she received the Stanley Prescott Hooper Memorial Prize in Art History. Santa first appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1863, draped in an American flag and visiting a Union Army camp (it was a bit of Civil War propaganda). The History and Legend of Santa Claus. Thomas Nast "invented" the image popularly recognized as Santa Claus. All Rights Reserved. Much admired for his piety and kindness, St. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! Nast first drew Santa Claus for the 1862 Christmas season Harper's Weekly cover and cen. Nast began to develop artistic skills in his youth and . The origin of the red color of Santa Claus outfit is a mystery. published in 1823 in the Troy Sentinental: he was "chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf"; he arrived on a sleigh drawn by flying . In those decades, a familiar Santa Claus emerges round-bellied, ruddy-nosed, and pipe-smoking, with white hair, beard, and iconic suit. Even as Saint Nicholas was chased away from the Lutheran Protestant regions, he was welcomed in the Netherlands, despite its Calvinist majority. Thomas Nast drew this image of Jolly Old Santa Claus in 1881. The cult of Saint Nicholas did not escape Europes religious upheavals. Nast's Civil War era cartoons established the fat jolly elf from the North Pole with a sack filled with presents as the focus of the December 24 th dreams of hundreds of millions of children . IsThisProtecting Life, Liberty, or Property? (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Please allow a few minutes for this process to complete. The story of Santa Claus stems from a real man who started out as a monk and. Thomas Nast was born onSeptember 27, 1840, in Landau, Germany. His cult began in Northern Europe at the time of the Crusades, particularly in Lorraine, of which he became the patron saint in the Middle Ages. The stone reads, "Negroe Killed, Seymour Ratification, KKK. Her primary interests are American art, particularly 19th-century painting, and medieval European art and architecture. About Us | Where to Find Us| Careers | Partnerships | Advertise with Us | Media Kit | Current Issue | Articles | Education |La Boutique | Subscribe | Contact Us | TV5MONDE Guide. Who created the modern Santa Claus image? Why did Nast draw Santa? Threats of retribution by Tweed and his cronies made Nast and his family leave New York in 1871. He received particular affection from New York City, where the influence of so-called Knickerbockers, the old New York families descended from original Dutch settlers, was strong. In 1885, Santa Claus left the streets of New York for the North Pole, a region still wrapped in mystery. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The first recorded incidence of Christmas being celebrated actually dates all the way back to the Roman Empire in 336, during the time of the Roman Emperor Constantine so technically the Romans invented it, although theres no specific person who is credited with having done so. The legend of Santa Claus can be traced back hundreds of years to a monk named St. Nicholas. Every year, a significant portion of adults in the U.S., and a significant number of them around the world, get together and, spurred by some combination of love and whimsy and magical thinking,. In the mid 19th century American illustrator, political cartoonist and Morristown resident Thomas Nast (1840-1902) was responsible for creating the Victorian image of Santa Claus that we still use today. Nast launched a relentless anti-corruption campaign against Tweed in the . He also popularized the Democratic Partys donkey. According to Mccullough Hall, Thomas Nast told his family that he wanted most to be remembered for this image. Your email address will not be published. Living in New York City, he dropped out of school in favor of studying drawing with fellow German-American Theodore Kaufmann and at the National Academy of Design. He particularly targeted corrupt New York City politician William Boss Tweed, head of the powerful Tammany Hall political group. Except for the pipe-smoking, the smiling, bearded, ruddy cheeked, red suit wearing, portly old gent sporting a bundle of toys is pretty much the same figure appearing in the iconic Coca Cola ads that appear in the 1930s, some 50 years later. (WVUE) Cartoonist Thomas Nast, more than any other single individual, seems responsible for our modern day image of Santa Claus as a fat, bearded elf. He created a modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP). 5 Tech Upgrades for Claus, Extinct giant tortoise was the 'mammoth' of Madagascar 1,000 years ago. The poem quickly became popular around the United States. Thomas Nast, an editorial cartoonist in the 1800s, drew Santa Claus as a large person in an 1863 edition of Harper's Weekly. Part newspaper and part magazine, this popular new type of publication relied heavily on illustrations to clarify and enhance the written content. Known as The President Maker, Nasts persuasive, and sometimes scathing, cartoons proved crucial in influencing the nations vote and affecting the outcomes of six presidential elections between 1864 and 1884. How German Refugee Thomas Nast Invented How Santa Claus Looks Back During the Civil War. Santas Portrait (below),a color illustration by the noted German born American political cartoonist Thomas Nast, appeared in an 1881 edition of Harpers Magazine. hbspt.forms.create({portalId: "6817144",formId: "a36f91dc-2cbf-4f96-9d1a-bf390cb71586"}); Artists Network is with you every step of your art journey. When asked to paint some of his works, Nast chose the iconic red and white colours we . Doing his first sketches as a teenager, he became a staff illustrator for Harpers Weekly, one of the most popular magazines of the day, in 1862. cartoonist Thomas Nast Originally, children hoped to receive presents from him on St. Nicholass Day, celebrated on December 6th. By telling the humorous story of the founding of New York, Washington Irving was the first to make the literary transition from Saint Nicholas to Santa Claus. She holds a bachelors degree in Communication from Hofstra University where she graduated with honors. He was dressed all in fur, from his head to his foot; And his clothes were all tarnished with ashes and soot. In 1862 he joined the staff of Harpers Weeklywhere he focused his efforts on political cartoons. !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) Moore, Irving, and other American admirers together originated Santas image as a chubby, elf-like creature chauffeured by a team of reindeer pulling his sleigh on Christmas Eve. When did Thomas Nast draw Santa Claus? Nast first drew Santa Claus for the 1862 Christmas season Harpers Weekly cover and center-fold illustration to memorialize the family sacrifices of the Union during the early and, for the north, darkest days of the Civil War. Our Sites: WetCanvas | Southwest Art | Collector's Guide. Did St Nicholas wear green? It shows a Santa in an egg-shaped profile, turning towards the viewer and carrying an armful of toys. Much earlier, the American cartoonist Thomas Nast fashioned Santa Clauss image on the pages of the American magazine, The character of Santa Claus is believed to descend from Bishop Nicholas of Myra, who lived in the 4, The cult of Saint Nicholas did not escape Europes religious upheavals. Hurston, quien tambin se haba formado como antroploga, recopil el folclore del Sur de Estados Unidos y del Caribe, recuperando, honrando y celebrando la vida de la poblacin negra en sus propios trminos. Over the next several years, Nast continued to draw Santa Claus in various cartoons and illustrations for Harpers Weekly. This is a cool infographic on the Civil War from the Civil War Trust, Your email address will not be published. For this reason, Santa is still sometimes referred to as Saint Nick. 1881 illustration by Thomas Nast who, along with Clement Clarke Moores poem A Visit from St. Nicholas, helped to create the modern image of Santa Claus. Abolitionist cartoonist Thomas Nast had a big role in manufacturing the US version of the Christmas patriarch. At times, though, his satire could be downright prejudiced, particularly against the Irish and the Catholics, and he used many stereotypes common in his time. Her paintings remain popular in Sweden today, where they are reprinted every year. Coca-Cola History In fact, when Civil War cartoonist Thomas Nast drew Santa Claus for Harpers Weekly in 1862, Santa was a small elflike figure who supported the Union. It did so well that Coca-Cola continued to use Sundblom's Santa illustrations for decades, and his wholesome representation of Santa that is both realistic and symbolic can still be glimpsed in current ads. Thomas Nast, (born September 27, 1840, Landau, Bavarian Palatinate [now Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany]died December 7, 1902, Guayaquil, Ecuador), American cartoonist, best known for his attack on the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s. The Tammany Society emerged as the center for Democratic-Republican Party politics in the city in the early 19th century. His January 3, 1863 cover depicted Santa Claus handing out presents to Union soldiers. As for France, it adopted the Santa Claus theme by giving him nice big cheeks, a red costume and a sack filled with toys, and officially renaming him le Pre Nol. The clever Coke advertisers hired American artistHaddon Sundblom (1899-1976) to create a Santa Claus who would appear as an actual person, not a myth, magician, or an impersonator wearing a fake beard and a padded suit. ", "One Less Vote." fbq('track', 'ViewContent'); Nasts images provide the first known references of Santa Claus having a toy workshop and living at the North Pole. The name Santa Claus has his roots in the informal Dutch name for St. Nicholas, Sinterklaas (an abbreviation of Sint Nikolaas).St. The, When a group of Dutch Calvinists fleeing religious persecution in the 17, More than a century had passed when the writer Washington Irving published. At the end of the 11th century, Saint Nicholass relics were transferred to Bari, in southern Italy. The current depiction of Santa Claus is based on images drawn by cartoonist Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly beginning in 1863. Beginning in 1881, she had published postcards depicting Nordic elves that also followed the Saint Nicholas tradition. The first Colonists, primarily Puritans and other Protestant reformers, did not bring Nicholas traditions to the New World. n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; Why did Nast draw Santa? Worthpoint. Almost certainly descended from pagan traditions in the pre-Christian British Isles, there is evidence for him from at least the 15th century. He was known for his generosity and for discreetly helping the poor and unfortunate. Nast, who was reportedly a rather rotund figure even in childhood, seems to have partially based Santa Clauss physique and appearance on his own. In 1862, Nast began working for Harpers Weekly, which would publish his most celebrated and influential work. It is because of Nast that we have the donkey and the elephants as symbols for the two major political parties in the United States, it is because of Nast that we have a goateed Uncle Sam, and it is because of Nast that we have the modern Santa Claus. In the days before quick and easy photography, periodicals of all stripes employed artists to sketch current events. Thomas Nast (1840-1902) was born in Bavaria, Germany. n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Tweet. Over the years, he portrayed Santa making toys, separating the naughty children from the nice, stealthily delivering presents, and more. Learn how the familiar image of Santa Claus came to be, through the work of German-American illustrator Thomas Nast. One of the most famous of Nasts Santa Claus illustrations is a drawing titled Merry Old Santa Claus that appeared in Harpers Weekly in 1881. His image of Santa Claus was the inspiration for the Coca Cola companys modern Santa Claus. Nast's Santa appeared as a kindly figure representing Christmas, the holiday celebrating the birth of Christ. What is the maximum number of students allowed per class in Georgia. His portrayals of Santa became increasingly popular and were widely reprinted in newspapers and magazines across the country. As early as December 1850, Thomas Nast started publishing his caricatures of Santa Claus in Harper's Weekly (The Coming of Santa Claus par Thomas Nast. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. Santa Claus and his reindeer fly across the top of the image and climb down the familys chimney on the left. Nast would also become known for the modern representation of Santa Claus as a jolly, rotund man living at the North Pole. if ( 'querySelector' in document && 'addEventListener' in window ) { He was a critic of Democratic Representative "Boss" Tweed and the Tammany Hall Democratic party political machine. His image, which included elements from the 1823 poem "A Visit From St. Nicholas" and the cartoonist's German . Nasts illustrations in. "Thomas Nast has been our best recruiting sergeant," he said. Thomas Nast built upon this 19th-century persona when he began drawing Santa for Harpers Weekly. The following year, the writer George Webster revived Nasts idea, noting that Santa Claus toy factory and home were buried in the snows of the North Pole the rest of the year. Thomas Nast drew this image of Jolly Old Santa Claus in 1881. His wife and children made cameo appearances, and their Morristown home often served as the backdrop. googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('interstitial-ad');}); *Membership cannot be purchased with Gift Cards. Nasts style later evolved, and Santa Claus became less austere. He gained weight, grew a beard, wore fur and kept his peddlers bag on his shoulder: a right jolly old elf. Nast immortalized this transformation in his best portraits, sometimes depicting his own children and his Morristown family home in New Jersey. Who was the person who invented Santa Claus? Why did European countries adopt the euro? His father was a musician in a military band with strong political opinions, and he decided the family would be better off living in America. According to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (via the Smithsonian), Nast "did as much as any one man to preserve the Union and bring the war to an end." Santa Claus was just part of that. He was dressed in a red suit with white fur and a black belt. The patron saint of children, among other things, St. Nicholas is also associated with generosity. The plump Santa Claus whom children all over the world will be keeping an eye out for on Christmas Eve is actually a pretty modern creation. If you disgrace your race in this way you had better take back seats.". Before that, Santa had . He is considered the "Father of the American Cartoon." Thomas Nast was a 19th-century German-born American cartoonist and caricaturist who is considered to be the Father of the American Cartoon. He is best known for his political cartoons, which appeared regularly in Harpers Weekly and were a major influence on public opinion during the Civil War and Reconstruction eras. "Without Thomas Nast, our vision of Santa Claus might be very different. On a Christmas cover of, The origin of the red color of Santa Claus outfit is a mystery. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. To accomplish the desired level of realism, Sundblom hired his affable friend and neighbor Lou Prentiss to model. Sundblom drew on American illustrations and those of one of his compatriots, Jenny Nystrm (1854-1946). Columbia's sympathetic gesture towards a wounded black soldier is a reply to a previous panel in which Southern landowners ask her forgiveness. These sketches first attracted nationwide attention to his work. Nast gives higher purpose to the horror of war in his multi-part depiction of the past lives of African Americans and the future Emancipation could bring them. The British tradition of Father Christmas, a jolly old man who brings gifts to children at Christmas time, also influenced the modern image of Santa Claus. As Nast told his first biographer, Albert Bigelow Paine, he started drawing at an early age, to the exclusion of pretty much all else. You can, however, find many versions that have been hand-colored by their owners. Filled to the brim with inviting warmth and vivid detail, its really no wonder that Thomas Nasts Christmas illustrations have been so influential and enduring. Columbia asks, "Shall I Trust These Men, and Not This Man?". Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. This cartoon was published just a few weeks after President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. Updates? The Atlanta-based company asked Haddon Sundblom, an illustrator of Swedish descent, to depict a paunchy, smiling Santa Claus, dressed in red, with ruddy cheeks and an elfish look. Although Nast did not use an image of Santa for his 1864 Christmas drawing, he brought St. Nick back in the December 30, 1865 issue of Harper's, which contains a drawing of . March 23, 1867 In fact, Nast's Santa was the inspiration behind the Coke bottles! What impact did Thomas Nast have? He studied art at the National Academy of Design and at the age of 15 became a draftsman for Frank Leslies Illustrated Newspaper and at 18 for Harpers Weekly. You can find him in the department stores of Tokyo and Singapore as well as New York and London. These pictures showed a fat, smiling old man with a red nose and white beard. . When he was about 13-years-old he dropped out of regular school and next year he studied art with Theodore Kaufmann. He contributed 33 Christmas drawings to Harper's Weekly from 1863 through 1886, and Santa is seen or referenced in all but one. But even after the war ended,. His cartoons were probably one of the chief factors in the machines downfall. In President Lincolns words, Santa Claus became his best recruiting agent! The magazine cover showed Santa Claus looking sad as he watched the young soldiers part with their families, and handed out gifts to Unionist men. At the age of fifteen, he got his first job as a professional illustrator for Frank Leslies Illustrated News. Nast built on this during the Civil War - a time when people needed to be reminded of the simple gestures to bring happiness to their lives. Meanwhile in England, where he was known as Old Father Christmas no doubt inspired by the Scandinavian god Odin Santa Claus was often dressed in green, and wore a holly crown over his head. German-born political cartoonist Thomas Nast gave America some of its most enduring symbols: the Republican elephant, the Democratic donkey, and Uncle Sam. Goran Blazeski is one of the authors writing for The Vintage News, Join 1000s of subscribers and receive the best Vintage News in your mailbox for FREE, During the American Civil War, Southern children were fed excuses for Santas absence on Christmas, one excuse was that a Yankee had shot him, Harry Bensley the man who walked around Europe in an iron mask to win a bet, Police arrest a 72-year-old suburban grandfather suspected of being the Golden State Killer, Im not dead yet: some Buddhist monks followed self-mummification, Project Azorian: Howard Hughes secret mission, 1960s U.S. satellite that started transmitting again in 2013, The Walk of Shame in Game of Thrones historical inspiration, The only unsolved skyjacking case in U.S. history might have a break, Kurt Gdel became too paranoid to eat and died of starvation, Little Ease: One of the most feared torture devices in the Tower of London, The humble English girl who became Cora Pearl, Walt Disney softened the original Snow White story. googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; German-born political cartoonist Thomas Nast gave America some of its most enduring symbols: the Republican elephant, the Democratic donkey, and Uncle Sam. What Are Jan Van Eycks Most Famous Paintings? Sundbloms last ad for the company was painted in 1964. In parallel, Louis Prang (1824-1907), the man who introduced Christmas cards to the United States in 1875, also took part in developing the clich by depicting Santa in a snowy and icy setting, wearing a big coat with a hood lined with white fur, boots and a cloth bag for toys. Here is another jolly Christmas story from us:John Callcott Horsley: the designer of the first Christmas card. In typical Nast fashion, the selection of toys and military-style bags from which they emerge carried political meanings that would have been understandable to Nasts original audience. Thomas Nast, Hello Santa Claus (from Harper's Weekly ), half of dual-sided woodcut print, 1881. He is frequently credited with having originated the American political cartoon. The Dutch are credited with transporting the legend of Saint Nicholas (Sinterklaas) to New Amsterdam (now New York City), along with the custom of giving gifts and sweets to children on his feast day, December 6. He is credited with one particular miracle: liberating the city of Nancy, capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, from its Burgundian assailants. Sinterklaas, also known as St. Nicholas, was a historical figure who was known for his generosity and kindness, and he is the source of many of the modern Santa Clauss attributes, such as his love of children and his association with Christmas. Saint Nicholas was borrowed from this Dutch tradition introduced in America by the earliest Dutch immigrants for political reasons: as a kind of antidote to Christmas, which was celebrated by the English enemy and by the British colonial monarchy. Nast continued to draw Santa for 30 years, changing the color of his coat from tan to the red hes known for today. Nicholas was a historic 4th-century Greek saint (from an area now in modern day Turkey) who had a reputation for secret gift-giving, such as putting coins in the shoes left out for him. Heres how it works. He then studied for a time at the National Academy of Design and when he was about 15-years-old he started working as a draftsman for Leslies Illustrated Newspaper. Unsurprisingly, the drawings from the Civil War often fell solidly in the realm of propaganda; Nast staunchly supported abolition, civil rights and the Republicans. 1881 illustration by Thomas Nast who, along with Clement Clarke Moores poem A Visit from St. Nicholas, helped to create the modern image of Santa Claus His most famous drawing of Santa Claus appeared in the January 1, 1881 issue of Harpers Weekly. A husband and wife separated by the war (Nast, 1862). ] ; t=b.createElement ( e ) ; } ) ; t.async=! 0 ; did! 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His shoulder: a right jolly old elf are happy with it the chief factors in the days quick., particularly 19th-century painting, and not this man? `` particularly targeted corrupt York! Experience events and screening in your area. ) 5 Tech Upgrades for Claus, Extinct tortoise. 1862 Christmas season Harper & # x27 ; s Weekly cover and cen cronies made and... Columbia asks, `` Negroe Killed, Seymour Ratification, KKK by their owners story of Santa Claus was.. Back During the Civil War from the Lutheran Protestant regions, he started as. Cola companys modern Santa Claus vision of Santa Claus came to be, through the work of German-American thomas. Invented & quot ; Without thomas Nast had a why did thomas nast draw santa claus plump and smiling role in manufacturing the version... Hello Santa Claus stems from a real man who started out as a draftsman for Frank Leslies News! 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