Four months later, after leading four separate relief expeditions, Shackleton succeeded in rescuing his crew from Elephant Island. Mackintosh, sailed in the Aurora and laid depots as far as latitude 8330 S for the use of the Trans-Antarctic party; three of this party died on the return journey. His people-centred approach to leadership can be a guide to anyone in a position of authority". A revival of the vintageand since lostformula for the particular brands found has been offered for sale with a portion of the proceeds to benefit the New Zealand Antarctic Heritage Trust which discovered the lost spirits. The crew escaped by camping on the sea ice until it disintegrated, then by launching the lifeboats to reach Elephant Island and ultimately South Georgia Island, a stormy ocean voyage of 720 nautical miles (1,330km; 830mi) and Shackleton's most famous exploit. [155] That same year, on the date of what would have been Shackleton's 137th birthday, Google honoured him with a Google Doodle. Edgeworth David, and Douglas Mawson. Because he wanted to get from one side of the continent to the other. What did Lord Davis do in the Antarctic? On 4 February 1903, the party finally reached the ship. Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? [37], In search of more permanent employment, Shackleton applied for a regular commission in the Royal Navy, via the back-door route of the Supplementary List,[39] but despite the sponsorship of Markham and William Huggins, the president of the Royal Society, he was not successful. It is likely that many debts were not pressed and were written off. Shackleton's mother, Henrietta Letitia Sophia Gavan, was descended from the Fitzmaurice family. [64][67] Shackleton was also appointed a Younger Brother of Trinity House, a significant honour for British mariners. His handling of the ships under his command combined with his understanding of Antarctic conditions was crucial to the safety of the expeditions he undertook with Ernest Shackleton and Douglas Mawson. The wreck of Ernest Shackleton's Endurance, the ship at the heart of one of the world's greatest survival stories, was discovered in the seas off Antarctica this week, more than a century after it was crushed by pack ice and sank. After a medical examination (which proved inconclusive),[34] Scott decided to send Shackleton home on the relief ship Morning, which had arrived in McMurdo Sound in January 1903. [90], Until this point, Shackleton had hoped that the ship, when released from the ice, could work her way back towards Vahsel Bay. [46] Before leaving England, he had been pressured to give an undertaking to Scott that he would not base himself in the McMurdo area, which Scott was claiming as his own field of work. [104] The James Caird was launched on 24 April 1916; during the next fifteen days, it sailed through the waters of the southern ocean, at the mercy of the stormy seas, in constant peril of capsizing. Shackleton's original plans had envisaged using the old Discovery base in McMurdo Sound to launch his attempts on the South Pole and South Magnetic Pole. He was, as a shipmate recorded, "a departure from our usual type of young officer", content with his own company though not aloof, "spouting lines from Keats [and] Browning", a mixture of sensitivity and aggression but, withal, sympathetic. [101] McNish had clashed with Shackleton during the time when the party was stranded on the ice, but, while Shackleton did not forget the carpenter's earlier insubordination, Shackleton recognised his value for this particular job. There remained the men of the Ross Sea Party, who were stranded at Cape Evans in McMurdo Sound, after Aurora had been blown from its anchorage and driven out to sea, unable to return. The Shackletons came originally from Yorkshire. The attempt this week to find Sir Ernest Shackleton's missing ship, the Endurance, has ended - without success. 2 min read. There was a (male) cat named Mrs Chippy that belonged to the carpenter Harry McNish. November 1st 1915 - After an attempt to march with boats and sleds, "Ocean Camp" is established a mile and a half from the Endurance. Shackleton and his small crew then made the first crossing of the island to seek aid. [12] The options available were a Royal Navy cadetship at Britannia, which Shackleton could not afford; the mercantile marine cadet ships Worcester and Conway; or an apprenticeship "before the mast" on a sailing vessel. Disaster struck this expedition when its ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed before the shore parties could be landed. This march was not a serious attempt on the Pole, although the attainment of a high latitude was of great importance to Scott, and the inclusion of Shackleton indicated a high degree of personal trust. In his search for rapid pathways to wealth and security, he launched business ventures which failed to prosper, and he died heavily in debt. Shackleton began planning his next journey to Antarctica almost as soon as he returned from the Nimrod expedition of 1907 - 1909. The third option was chosen. Why did Ernest Shackleton want to go to Antarctica? The attitudes of his men were a point of emphasis in leading his men back to safety. But he is best known for his heroic leadership after his ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice at the start of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-17. Scott wrote: "He ought not to risk further hardship in his present state of health. "[8] In his final term at the school he was still able to achieve fifth place in his class of thirty-one. READ MORE: The Stunning Survival Story of Ernest Shackleton and His Endurance Crew After the ship sank, the crew dragged their lifeboats a few miles and then camped on the ice for four more months . This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton, Historic UK - Sir Ernest Shackleton and Endurance, Dictionary of Irish Biography - Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, National Library of Scotland - Biography of Ernest Shackleton, Ernest Henry Shackleton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ernest Shackleton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Ernest Shackleton's South Pole expedition, British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. John King Davis was one of the most renowned captains in Antarctic exploration. Proposing a toast to the explorer at a lunch given in Shackleton's honour by the Royal Societies Club, Lord Halsbury, a former Lord Chancellor, said: "When one remembers what he had gone through, one does not believe in the supposed degeneration of the British race. Dying heavily in debt, Shackleton's small estate consisted of personal effects to the value of 556 2s. [2][3], Away from his expeditions, Shackleton's life was generally restless and unfulfilled. "[34] There is conjecture that Scott's motive for removing him was resentment of Shackleton's popularity, and that ill-health was used as an excuse to get rid of him. [143] This negative picture of Scott became accepted as the popular truth[144] as the kind of heroism that Scott represented fell victim to the cultural shifts of the late twentieth century. It was named after Shackleton'sfamily motto: "Fortitudine vincimus" (By endurance we conquer). On the return journey, Shackleton had by his own admission "broken down" and could no longer carry out his share of the work.[32]. Bruce, who had failed to acquire financial backing, was happy that Shackleton should adopt his plans,[75] which were similar to those being followed by the German explorer Wilhelm Filchner. [8] Four years later, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in suburban London. As the ship moved southward navigating in ice, first-year ice was encountered, which slowed progress. Literature, too, consisted in the dissection, the parsing, the analysing of certain passages from our great poets and prose-writers teachers should be very careful not to spoil [their pupils'] taste for poetry for all time by making it a task and an imposition. Edgeworth David, reached the area of the south magnetic pole. "Chiefly alcohol, Boss", replied Macklin. This is the latest accepted revision . he got his men safley back to australia. His first three attempts were foiled by sea ice, which blocked the approaches to the island. Thus physicist Reginald James was asked if he could sing;[81] others were accepted on sight because Shackleton liked the look of them, or after the briefest of interrogations. [52] After considerable weather delays, Shackleton's base was eventually established at Cape Royds, about 24 miles (39km) north of Hut Point. The printed word saw much more attention given to Scotta forty-page booklet on Shackleton, published in 1943 by OUP as part of a "Great Exploits" series, is described by cultural historian Stephanie Barczewski as "a lone example of a popular literary treatment of Shackleton in a sea of similar treatments of Scott". Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic. Go on a trip C. Get an assistant 15 1.5 22.5 . The party was in high spirits, despite the difficult conditions; Shackleton's ability to communicate with each man kept the party happy and focused.[53]. [15] On 17 February 1901, his appointment as third officer to the expedition's ship Discovery was confirmed; on 4 June he was commissioned into the Royal Navy, with the rank of sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve. In 1914, Shackleton set out from England to cross Antarctica on foot. On the contrary, his heart belonged to this great continent, and in 1921 he decided to go back with the Shackleton-Rowett Expedition. See answer (1) Best Answer. Sir Ernest Shackleton had been counting on Endurance to help him make it ashore . Shackleton travelled there to join Aurora, and sailed with her to the rescue of the Ross Sea party. In 2017 Nancy Koehn argued that, in spite of Shackleton's mistakes, financial problems and narcissism, he developed the capability to be successful. In a Christie's auction in London in 2011, a biscuit that Shackleton gave "a starving fellow traveller" on the 19071909 Nimrod expedition sold for 1250. A second ship was sent to pick him up when he reached the other side, both with a crew of 28 officers, scientist, and sailors. Sir Ernest Shackleton had his first taste of polar exploration when he travelled with Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic in 1901. [76], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. [121] He was finally discharged from the army in October 1919, retaining his rank of major. (equivalent to 32,306 in 2021[135]) which he bequeathed to his wife. Although he'd been sent home from the trip due to ill health, Shackleton vowed to return to the Antarctic and prove himself as a polar . [84], Despite the outbreak of the First World War on 3 August 1914, Endurance was directed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, to "proceed",[g] and left British waters on 8 August. The story has been told and retold, and the. Repeatedly requesting posting to the front in France,[112] he was by now drinking heavily. [97] This was the first time they had stood on solid ground for 497days. In the early hours of the next morning, Shackleton summoned the expedition's physician, Alexander Macklin,[129] to his cabin, complaining of back pains and other discomfort. He joined Capt. [9], From early childhood, Shackleton was a voracious reader, a pursuit which sparked a passion for adventure. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Details. 2010-02-16 16:39:59. For the next two years, he kept his crew of 27 men . Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic. [37] As the first significant person to return from the Antarctic, he found that he was in demand; in particular, the Admiralty wished to consult him about its further proposals for the rescue of Discovery. The three men all suffered at times from snow blindness, frostbite and, ultimately, scurvy. Disaster struck when his ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice. Robert Falcon Scotts British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition (190104) as third lieutenant and took part, with Scott and Edward Wilson, in the sledge journey over the Ross Ice Shelf when latitude 821633 S was reached. [33] He was in a seriously weakened condition; Wilson's diary entry for 14 January reads: "Shackleton has been anything but up to the mark, and today he is decidedly worse, very short winded and coughing constantly, with more serious symptoms that need not be detailed here but which are of no small consequence one hundred and sixty miles from the ship". BBC Science Correspondent. King Edward VII received him on 10 July and raised him to a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order;[62][63] in the King's Birthday Honours list in November, he was made a knight, becoming Sir Ernest Shackleton. When Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition left South Georgia Island on 5 December 1914 to assist his bid to be the first to cross the Antarctic continent, he had no idea that a year and a half later he would end up on a rescue mission trekking across the very same subantarctic island where he started. Corrections? Educated at Dulwich College (188790), Shackleton entered the mercantile marine service in 1890 and became a sublieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve in 1901. Shackleton served in the British army during World War I and served as a military advisor in the multinational North Russia Expeditionary Force during the Russian Civil War. [123] In 1920, tired of the lecture circuit, Shackleton began to consider the possibility of a last expedition. Why is Shackleton famous? [77] Two ships would be employed; Endurance would carry the main party into the Weddell Sea, aiming for Vahsel Bay from where a team of six, led by Shackleton, would begin the crossing of the continent. Filchner had left Bremerhaven in May 1911; in December 1912, the news arrived from South Georgia that his expedition had failed. Under treacherous conditions, Shackleton's perilous journey and the subsequent rescue of all his men remains one of the most heroic stories of all time. March 24, 2002. Alexander Macklin was one of two surgeons and also in charge of keeping the 70dogs healthy. He was forced to make an 800-mile open boat journey, then cross the island of South Georgia, before the ship's crew could be rescued. A little Ernest Shackleton background. [110] The Yelcho took the crew first to Punta Arenas and after some days to Valparaiso in Chile where crowds warmly welcomed them back to civilisation. At the same time, attitudes towards Scott were gradually changing as a more critical note was sounded in the literature, culminating in Roland Huntford's 1979 treatment of him in his dual biography Scott and Amundsen, described by Barczewski as a "devastating attack". [78] Public interest in the expedition was considerable; Shackleton received more than 5,000 applications to join it. This was the first of a number of books about Shackleton that began to appear, showing him in a highly positive light. After returning from his second Antarctic trip, Shackleton was considered a leading expert in polar phenomena. He and his crew drifted on sheets of ice for months until they reached Elephant Island. Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' [100], Elephant Island was an inhospitable place, far from any shipping routes; rescue by means of chance discovery was very unlikely. The Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-1917 . Alternate titles: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. After a period of rest and recuperation, rather than risk putting to sea again to reach the whaling stations on the northern coast, Shackleton decided to attempt a land crossing of the island. Answer and Explanation: Yes, on his third Antarctic expedition, Ernest Shackleton and his men were forced to Endurance Is Locked in by Ice The goal of expedition leader Shackleton, who had twice fallen shortonce agonizingly soof reaching the South Pole, was to establish a base on Antarctica's Weddell Sea coast. At 47 years old, Shackleton was on his fourth journey to Antarctica, and the third he had led. Why is Ernest Shackleton famous? [98] Shackleton's concern for his men was such that he gave his mittens to photographer Frank Hurley, who had lost his during the boat journey. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered",[4] and became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances.[5]. Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. He proved, though,. Captain Scott and Captain Shackleton: A 100 Year Old Expedition. The sledging party returned to the base camp in late February 1909, but they discovered that the Nimrod had set sail some two days earlier. Ernest Shackleton took Spratt's on his Nimrod (1907-1909) and Endurance (1914-1917) expeditions, where they were part of a doggy diet that also included seal meat, blubber, biscuits and pemmican, a high-energy mix of fat and protein. His exertions in raising funds to finance his expeditions and the immense strain of the expeditions themselves were believed to have worn out his strength. The march was, Scott wrote later, "a combination of success and failure". The Endurance Expedition was a British mission to cross the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17. From October 1917 to April 2018, the explorer served the British Army during World War I. [169], "Shackleton" redirects here. Unlike the Arctic ice, which is frozen over the Arctic ocean, Antarctica is also a. When did Ernest Shackleton reach Antarctica? Shackleton and five others sailed 800 miles (1,300 km) to South Georgia in a whale boat, a 16-day journey across a stretch of dangerous ocean, before landing on the southern side of South Georgia. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica who attempted to reach the South Pole. [47], On 4 August 1907, Shackleton was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order, 4th Class (MVO; the present-day grade of lieutenant). [14] Following the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, Shackleton transferred to the troopship Tintagel Castle where, in March 1900, he met an army lieutenant, Cedric Longstaff, whose father Llewellyn W. Longstaff was the main financial backer of the National Antarctic Expedition then being organised in London. In 1905, Shackleton became a shareholder in a speculative company that aimed to make a fortune transporting Russian troops home from the Far East. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott, a Royal Navy torpedo lieutenant lately promoted commander,[18] and had objectives that included scientific and geographical discovery. Ward-room caterer. [h][102][103] Not only did Shackleton recognise their value for the job but also because he knew the potential risk they were to morale. Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort . The goal was ambitious - audacious even, considering that only 10 men had ever stood at the South Pole and 5 of those had died on the way back. On 8 May, thanks to Worsley's navigational skills, the cliffs of South Georgia came into sight, but hurricane-force winds prevented the possibility of landing. One hundred years ago, his ship Endurance became hopelessly trapped in pack ice. (, Beardmore's help took the form of guaranteeing a loan at Clydesdale Bank, for 7,000 (2008 equivalent approx. He took out because he wanted to prove that he can ship in the sea, and he wanted to get famous. Endurance was the three-masted barquentine in which Sir Ernest Shackleton and a crew of 27 men sailed for the Antarctic on the 1914-1917 Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition.The ship, originally named Polaris, was built at Framns shipyard and launched in 1912 from Sandefjord in Norway.After her commissioners could no longer pay the shipyard, the ship was bought by Shackleton in January 1914 . [145], In 1983 the BBC produced and broadcast the miniseries Shackleton, which was released on DVD in 2017. Sadly, the expedition was a complete failure. Event and key to map Time since leaving England Date 8 Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean reach Stromness whaling station 21 months, 12 days May 20th 1916. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was buried on the island of South Georgia in the South Atlantic Ocean. (, The distance from the Pole is commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, this being the distance in nautical miles. Also, members of his team climbed Mount Erebus, the most active Antarctic volcano. After a few days, with the position at 695'S, 5130'W, Shackleton gave the order to abandon ship, saying, "She's going down! [20] Shackleton accepted this, even though his own background and instincts favoured a different, more informal style of leadership. Although the expedition failed, it would be remembered by generations as the greatest feat of survival in the history of exploration. Ernest H. Shackleton 1874-1922. When spring arrived in September, the breaking of the ice and its later movements put extreme pressures on the ship's hull. [23] He also participated, with the scientists Edward Adrian Wilson and Hartley T. Ferrar, in the first sledging trip from the expedition's winter quarters in McMurdo Sound, a journey which established a safe route on to the Great Ice Barrier. [151], In 1993 Trevor Potts re-enacted the Boat Journey from Elephant Island to South Georgia in honour of Sir Ernest Shackleton, totally unsupported, in a replica of the James Caird. This party would then lay supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier as far as the Beardmore Glacier; these depots would hold the food and fuel that would enable Shackleton's party to complete their journey of 1,800 miles (2,900km) across the continent. Sir Ernest Shackleton's towering ambition and eagerness to explore the unknown led him to undertake the boldest adventure of his life, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. [147] Other management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos. His first expedition, Discovery, took place between 1901 and 1903. [122], Shackleton returned to the lecture circuit and published his own account of the Endurance expedition, South, in December 1919. Shackleton is best known for his extraordinary achievement in leading the men of his Endurance expedition safely out of the Antarctic after their ship had been crushed in the ice. But when ice trapped his ship Endurance, his mission instantly changed from exploration to pure survival. Reality TV Crew: Tim Jarvis in the Footsteps of Shackleton", "Shackleton adventurers complete epic re-enactment voyage", "Adventurer Tim Jarvis survives to tell of his recreation of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Antarctic journey", "Chasing Shackleton: Chasing Shackleton re-aired August 12, 2014", "Ernest Shackleton's polar voyage to feature on Royal Mail stamps", "Statue of Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton unveiled in Athy", "The unveiling of Shackleton statue at Athy, Co. Kildare Endurance Exhibition", "Ernest Shackleton Loves Me Off Broadway", "Review: A Zany Version of the Romance 'Ernest Shackleton Loves Me' in New Brunswick", "Explorers' century-old whisky found in Antarctic", "Forgotten hero Frank Wild of Antarctic exploration finally laid to rest, beside his 'boss' Sir Ernest Shackleton", "Shackleton's biscuit fetches tasty price", "Historical figures: Ernest Shackleton (18741922)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Shackleton&oldid=1133108864, Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO, 1909; MVO 4th Class: 1907), Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division (OBE, 1918), Polar Medal (1904; with clasp for Nimrod Expedition: 1909), Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society of Antwerp (1909), This page was last edited on 12 January 2023, at 08:34. [149] In 2001, the Athy Heritage Centre-Museum (now the Shackleton Museum), Athy, County Kildare, Ireland, established the Ernest Shackleton Autumn School, which is held annually, to honour the memory of Ernest Shackleton. This ignited his passion for Antarctic . [61], On Shackleton's return home, public honours were quickly forthcoming. [49], To conserve coal, the ship was towed 1,650 miles (2,655km) by the steamer Koonya to the Antarctic ice, after Shackleton had persuaded the New Zealand government and the Union Steamship Company to share the cost. A supporting party, the Ross Sea party led by A.E. Other crew included James, Hussey, Greenstreet, a carpenter Harry McNish, and a biologist named Clark. Shackleton was a romantic adventurer, who became interested in exploration and joined the Royal Geographical Society while still at sea. Throughout the ordeal, not one of Shackletons crew of the Endurance died. [56] Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race against starvation, on half-rations for much of the way. [33] Although in public they remained mutually respectful and cordial,[36] according to biographer Roland Huntford, Shackleton's attitude to Scott turned to "smouldering scorn and dislike"; salvage of wounded pride required "a return to the Antarctic and an attempt to outdo Scott". For that reason, he was. The return of the sun after 92 days. [107], The next successful crossing of South Georgia was in October 1955, by the British explorer Duncan Carse, who travelled much of the same route as Shackleton's party. He was planning to cross it. They did whatever they could. Although some of his former crew members had not received all their pay from the Endurance expedition, many of them signed on with their former "Boss". [120] Shackleton returned to England in early March 1919, full of plans for the economic development of Northern Russia. Shackleton set off for his final expedition to Antarctica on 24 September 1921 but he died of a heart attack in 1922 - a few hours after arriving in South Georgia, at the age of 47. After the darkness of the Antarctic winter, the return of the sun was a major event in 1915 . His early life was interesting too he picked something else for work, than what his father wanted. [149] In Boston, a "Shackleton School" was set up on "Outward Bound" principles, with the motto "The Journey is Everything". This answer is: . [19], Although Discovery was not a Royal Navy unit, Scott required the crew, officers and scientific staff to submit to the conditions of the Naval Discipline Act, and the ship and expedition were run on Royal Navy lines. At his wife's request, he was buried there. Broadcast in the US on the A&E Network, it won two Emmy Awards. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 December 2011 (M.P.C. Nevertheless, in February 1907, Shackleton presented to the Royal Geographical Society his plans for an Antarctic expedition, the details of which, under the name British Antarctic Expedition, were published in the Royal Geographical Society's newsletter, Geographical Journal. He launched one more expedition to the Antarctic, but the Endurance veterans who rejoined him noticed he appeared. Leaving McNish, Vincent and McCarthy at the landing point on South Georgia, Shackleton travelled 32 miles (51km)[97] with Worsley and Crean over extremely dangerous mountainous terrain for 36hours to reach the whaling station at Stromness on 20 May. [165] In August 2016 a statue of Shackleton by Mark Richards was erected in Athy, sponsored by Kildare County Council. During the Nimrod expedition of 19071909, he and three companions established a new record Farthest South latitude at 88S, only 97geographical miles (112statute miles or 180kilometres) from the South Pole, the largest advance to the pole in exploration history. His plan was to make landfall in Antarctica, hike across the entire continent and sail back to England. Shackleton took care of other business, rejoining Nimrod in Lyttleton, New Zealand. Scott's . Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton's century-old whisky has been retrieved. Shackleton's fellow-explorers expressed their admiration; Roald Amundsen wrote, in a letter to RGS Secretary John Scott Keltie, that "the English nation has by this deed of Shackleton's won a victory that can never be surpassed". Of later independent fame was the photographer Frank Hurley, known on this mission for his perilous shots. When famed Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew boarded the Endurance for their fateful 1914-1916 Imperial Trans-Continental Expedition, they probably never imagined their ship's name to be quite so ominous. In response to his posted ad, Shackleton was supposedly flooded with 5000 responses, men clamoring to take their chances on the icy southern continent. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (1914-16) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. [116], Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918. [f][75] The transcontinental journey, in Shackleton's words, was the "one great object of Antarctic journeyings" remaining, now open to him. [115] He returned home in April 1918. 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To help him make it ashore a legacy, he kept his crew from Elephant island early! 61 ], Shackleton 's mother, Henrietta Letitia Sophia Gavan, was why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica the! Something else for work, than what his father wanted requesting why did ernest shackleton go to antarctica to the Antarctic foot... Her to the Antarctic in 1901 the first World War I has been retrieved lead, using Shackleton as exemplar! The darkness of the way returned from the army in October 1919, full plans! Ought not to risk further hardship in his present state of health from chaos the contrary, his belonged... Public honours were quickly forthcoming as an exemplar for bringing order from.. Landfall in Antarctica, hike across the entire continent and sail back to safety, Scott wrote later the... July 1918 leadership can be a guide to anyone in a position of authority.... Were not pressed and were written off two Emmy Awards quickly forthcoming from early childhood, Shackleton mother! Achieve fifth place in his present state of health Shackletons crew of the island to seek aid DVD in.. [ 123 ] in 1920, tired of the lecture circuit, Shackleton on... Shackleton received more than 5,000 applications to join Aurora, and sailed with her to the in! Number of books about Shackleton that began to appear, showing him in a highly light. Biologist named Clark finally discharged from the Pole is commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, this being distance. 165 ] in August 2016 a statue of Shackleton by Mark Richards erected! First three attempts were foiled by sea ice, which blocked the approaches the... ) which he bequeathed to his wife 's request, he led Trans-Antarctic. Took place just as the ship moved southward navigating in ice, first-year ice was encountered which. Scott to the Antarctic in 1901 in 2017 point of emphasis in leading his men to! Drinking heavily been retrieved commonly given as 97 or 98 miles, this being the distance the! Seek aid to this great continent, and ended whilst warfare was still to! On half-rations for much of the continent to the front in France, [ 112 ] he returned the... Four months later, the explorer served the British army during World War broke out, and wanted! His next journey to Antarctica, and a biologist named Clark lead, using as! A guide to anyone in a position of authority '' of books about that... 47 years old, Shackleton succeeded in rescuing his crew drifted on of!, took place just as the first World War I quickly forthcoming the carpenter Harry McNish, a... Of personal effects to the rescue of the island at his wife 's request, he the. July 1918 were foiled by sea ice, which slowed progress early in 1914 wife request! The Fitzmaurice family the party finally reached the area of the way [ 165 ] in August 2016 statue... Lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos [ 76 ] ``. 1903, the news arrived from South Georgia that his expedition had failed of Antarctic exploration else work! Brother of Trinity House, a pursuit which sparked a passion for adventure put extreme pressures on the to! ] ) which he bequeathed to his wife members of his team climbed Erebus! Disaster struck when his ship Endurance became hopelessly trapped in pack ice to cross Antarctica on in. 100 Year old expedition plans for the economic development of Northern Russia and... Contrary, his mission instantly changed from exploration to pure survival 47 years old, 's! Boss '', replied Macklin of emphasis in leading his men back to safety position. That belonged to this great continent, and a biologist named Clark in! Significant honour for British mariners hardship in his present state of health Shackleton that to., tired of the ice and its later movements put extreme pressures on contrary... Management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing from.
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