discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia

The average annual aerial rainfall of the Beressa watershed is 891 mm, with a coefficient variation of 30.6% and standard deviation of 227 mm. Summer (June, July, August)From mid-June to mid-September, majority of Ethiopian regions, except lowlands in Afar andSoutheast, receive rainfall during the summer season as the sun overheads north of the equator.High pressure cells develop on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans around the tropic of CapricornAlthough, the Atlantic contributes a lot, the Indian Oceans is also sources of rainfall. Following theposition of the overhead sun, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the equator. The rate and variability of increasing temperature have dramatically increased, making it more difficult for local communities to foresee the intensity and magnitude of temperature even for the next few years. Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2. This study assessed the historical (1983-2005) and future (2026-2100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). As presented in Table3, the Sen's slope estimator indicates an upward trend in four stations and a downward trend in three stations for annual rainfall. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period. Social fencing is another mechanism that can be adopted in the region. Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. The south-easterlies bring rainfall from the IndianOcean. However, studies focusing on Zambia are still limited and future climate variability is poorly understood. The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. Even though the slope of Sen's estimator for kiremit season, annual rainfall, and belg season rainfall indicate a positive trend, it does not reflect sufficient availability of rainfall, as the rainfall distribution was erratic, irregular and variable in distribution (as already indicated in Figure 2 and Table2). The significant increasing trend of mean annual temperature (Table4) was found in all stations; with the trend magnitude varying from 0.03 to 0.14 C/year respectively. Therefore, there is a need for community-based coping and adaptation strategies such as adopting soil, water conservation and water harvesting strategies; and increasing diversified crops, high value and market oriented crops, fast growing crops and climate resistant crops, which are less susceptible to future climatic variability. The exact position of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the equator. Spatiotemporal Distribution of TemperatureAltitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. In this study, we analyse global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) and phase 5 (CMIP5) archives to investigate the qualitative aspects of change and trends in temperature and precipitation indices. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. Rock and Mineral Resources of Ethiopia, CHAPTER THREE THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 3.2. The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. It is vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive capacity. seasonal, mean annual rainfall including the mean, minimum and maximum temperature spatiotemporal trend as well as its impacts on crop production at the Beressa watershed from 19802014 (35 years). 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). The Hindu Kush-Himalayan (HKH) region epitomizes a geographic region where cryospheric processes coupled with hydrological regimes are under threat owing to a warming climate and shifts in climate extremes. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively. Such studies ignored the localized trends of rainfall and temperature, particularly in most highlands of Ethiopia. pieces of evidence indicated that a detailed study of the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall and temperature are very important for agricultural/urban planning (mehmet, 2015 ), flood frequency analysis, water resources assessments, assessing and understanding climate change impacts, and other environmental assessments (alemu, 2019; The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3. Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. Although there is a positive trend in the annual total rainfall, the number of consecutive wet (dry) days decreases (increases). 2005). Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms, CHAPTER SIX SOILS, NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. 2010 ). Many countries of the world, particularly sub-Saharan African countries, are already affected by the variability of climatic conditions (Conway & Schipper 2011; Klve et al. During thisseason, Ethiopia and the Horn come under the influence of the Equatorial Westerlies (Guineamonsoon) and Easterlies.Hence, the Guinea monsoon and the South easterly winds areresponsible for the rain in this season.ii. Therefore, the projected rainfall and temperature have been corrected for biases by using empirical Quantile Mapping. The minimum and maximum temperature have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively.. After total observation of the 35-year period, a record 16 years (45.7%) were lower than the total annual rainfall of the area. Results of the ensembles for CMIP3 and CMIP5 are generally indistinguishable regarding projected impacts on hydrology. Depending on the test, the observed data are serially independent, therefore to detect the trend at 1, 5 and 10% levels of significance the MK trend test was used on the actual data series (Xu et al. Even though the rainfall indicates seasonal and inter-annual variability, the area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall regime, with maximum rainfall concentration during kiremit (summer) season, which extends from June to September. Latitude,humidity and winds, with varying magnitude have also significant impacts on temperatureconditions in Ethiopia. Rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in the data for a given temporal and spatial time scale. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. This Assessing the long-term spatiotemporal rainfall distribution pattern is the most significant component in the climate analysis of a given country, more specifically at the local and regional levels where the effect of climate change is worse. The issues of global warming and climate change are particularly serious for developing countries (Parry 2007; Solomon 2007; Liang et al. Previous Topic. The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. Barley, wheat, horse beans, field peas, lentils and chickpeas are commonly grown crops. Hydro-meteorological instrumentation: For monitoring of quality data, which would be an early warning system, forecasting/projection and disaster response with timely information. From the results of MK test statistics and IDW, the variability and continuous increase in temperature are shown. Conversely, the southeasterlies from the Indian Ocean provide rain to the highlands ofSomalia, and to the central and southeastern lowlands and highlands of Ethiopia. They are limited to the lowlands in the peripheries.Away from the peripheries the land begins to rise gradually and considerably, culminating inpeaks in various parts of the country. Results obtained from PCIs signify the higher values, higher annual and seasonal rainfall concentration and vice versa. The spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature distribution are presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively. : Vasile Scorpan, Marius aranu; Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and, Projection of frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in Zambia: a CMIP5 study, Analysis of climate extreme indices over the Komadugu-Yobe basin, Lake Chad region: Past and future occurrences, Skill of CMIP5 models in simulating rainfall over Malawi, Modeling climate-smart decision support system (CSDSS) for analyzing water demand of a large-scale rice irrigation scheme, Modelling the effects of climate change on streamflow, Temporal Trend Analysis of Meteorological Variables and Reference Evapotranspiration in the Inter-Mountain Region of Wyoming, Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Water Balance Using APEX-Paddy Model, Solar Radiation Models and Gridded Databases to Fill Gaps in Weather Series and to Project Climate Change in Brazil. A climate impact study in the Upper Blue Nile, North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. This will help mitigate their vulnerability to climatic shocks and variability. These are: i. 2014). temperature is high during the daytime in some places, and is considerably reduced at nightresulting maximum difference in the daily range.But in the case of monthly averages, variation is minimal and the annual range of temperature issmall. ; ed. This is particularly the case for the local community, whose economy is susceptible to variability and the erratic nature of rainfall and water shortage; recurrent drought is a common phenomenon. Likewise, in the last 50 years the rainfall pattern has manifested as highly variable and volatile (Wu et al. This study investigates trends of climate extreme indices in the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (KYB) based on observed data of the period 1971-2017 as well as regional climate model (RCM) simulations for the historical period (1979-2005), the near future (2020-2050), and the far future (2060-2090). In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. However, during bega season the trend of all stations was downward. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.064. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. 2015 . In this study, the spatiotemporal variability of Ethiopian soil moisture (SM) has been characterized, and its local and remote influential driving factors are investigated . 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